The Arab people had invented the numbering system we use today. Unlike the Roman numerals, these numbers had a zero, which was much easier to add and subtract with. This system was brought back to Europe by the Christian Crusaders and quickly caught on.
Nizam al-Mulk, a Seljuk vizier, founded the Nizamiyya Madrasa in Baghdad, which became the forerunner of secondary/college level education in the Arab empire. The madrasas literally means "places for learning."
When coffee was first imported into Europe by the Venetians in the early 1600s, it was not known as coffee. Instead, it was known as qhaweh, or "the wine of Arabia."
The earliest written comments about coffee were made in the 10th century by Rhazes, an Arabian physician.
Coffee houses as a place to socialize became popular in Arabia in the 1400s. This moved into Europe in the 1500s and into North America in the 1600s.
The Arabs around 950 A.D. made the first coffee by soaking green coffee beans in cold water.
The first great physician of the Arab world was Muhammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (860-940 A.D.), known as Razi by the Arabs, and authored more than two hundred books.
Harun al-Rashid established the first hospital, in the modern sense of the term, at Baghdad about 805.